A carcinoma is any malignant cancer that arises from epithelial cells. Carcinomas invade surrounding tissues and organs and may metastasize, or spread, to lymph nodes and other sites.
”Carcinoma in situ” (CIS) is a pre-malignant condition, in which...
Thymine
Thymine is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine (T) almost always pairs with adenine, although thymine dimers also occur due to UV light exposure.
This mutation is responsible for melanoma...
Worms
Worms are invertebrate species that are not footed. There are worms that live in the land and water while others are parasites that live inside the animal’s body.
There are over 55,000 species of worms. Four main groups are tapeworms, flatworms, gilik worms and roundworms.
Worms are simple structures...
Gene Therapy
Gene therapy is a technique that introduces an altered gene into a person’s body to carry out the work of a mulfunctioning gene. The procedure aims to treat or cure diseases that have been caused by faulty genes.
There are more than 4000 genetic disorders, and that number is likely to increase as we...
Lymph System
Lymph system is a system of transport lymph fluid from tissues into the blood. The system also contains cells that make the body able to ward off disease.
When blood flow throughout the circulatory system, a liquid substance called lymph seeps through...
Chromatin
Chromatin is that portion of the cell nucleus which contains all of the DNA of the nucleus in animal or plant cells. (A small amount of special DNA is also found in the mitochondria of the cell cytoplasm outside of the cell nucleus.)
DNA is never found as a naked molecule in animal or plant cell nuclei....
Flowering Plant
Flowering plant or Angiospermae is most successful plant. Angiospermae reproduce by seed that grows inside the flower ovary. Angiospermae derived from the Greek word which means seed enclosed.
Growth angiospermae embryo enclosed in a special structure called a seed inside the flower. After the fertilization...
Ovulation Sign
To determine when you are likely to ovulate – you determine when your next period is due and count back 12 to 16 days. This gives you a the number of days when a woman most likely begins ovulating.
Using an ovulation calendar or ovulation predictor...
Ovulation Spotting
Some women who are trying to get pregnant are lucky, in some ways. They have a regular cycle of exactly 28 (or maybe 25, or maybe 30) days, and so they can easily enough predict when they’re ovulating. Other women never really know when they’re going to be fertile because their cycle is irregular, and...
Bacteria
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms which their structure is simpler than the cells making up the bodies of animals and plants. Bacteria can be found in every place. The bacteria breed in soil, air, even in our digestive system.
Most of the types of bacteria that are not classified as dangerous...
Gene Expression
In genetics gene expression is the most fundamental level at which genotype gives rise to the phenotype. The genetic code is “interpreted” by gene expression, and the properties of the expression products give rise to the organism’s phenotype.
Gene expression is the process by which information from...
Causes of Dehydration
The immediate causes of dehydration include not enough water, too much water loss, or some combination of the two. Sometimes it is not possible to consume enough fluids because we are too busy, lack the facilities or strength to drink, or are in an area without potable water (while hiking or camping,...
What is Chromosomes
A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. The word...
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